ꯃꯈꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ
ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ (Gymnocorymbus ternetzi)
ꯐꯣꯇꯣ: emptyvi · CC BY-SA 3.0 Wikimedia Commons ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ

ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ

Gymnocorymbus ternetzi · Characidae

ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯋꯤꗄꯣ ꯇꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ, ꯄꯦꯇꯤꯀꯣꯠ ꯇꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ

ꯃꯁꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ, ꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯊꯧꯅꯥ ꯐꯕꯥ ꯇꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ; ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄꯗꯥ ꯊꯝꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯃꯁꯥ ꯆꯤꯛꯄꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫

ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ
80 L (21 US gal)
ꯑꯁꯥ-ꯑꯑꯦꯡ
20–27 °C (68–81 °F)
pH
6–7.5
ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ
5.5 cm (2.2 in)
ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ
6+

ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ

ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯚꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯝ
80 L (21 US gal)
ꯑꯁꯥ-ꯑꯑꯦꯡ
20–27 °C (68–81 °F)
pH
6–7.5
ꯍꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅꯦꯁ
3–18 dGH
ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ
ꯆꯍꯤ 3–6
ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯠ
ꯑꯣꯃ꯭ꯅꯤꯚꯣꯔ — ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ, ꯄꯦꯂꯦꯠ, ꯑꯃꯨꯡꯕꯥ ꯆꯤꯟꯖꯥꯛ꯫
ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯊꯥꯛ
ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ

ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ

ꯂꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ
ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯒꯨꯋꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯒꯨꯋꯥꯄꯣꯔꯦ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ
ꯑꯊꯨꯝꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ
ꯕꯥꯌꯣꯇꯣꯞ
ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯍꯧꯕꯥ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯆꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ ꯏꯆꯥꯑꯣ ꯀꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯃꯗꯝꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ
ꯆꯥꯡꯆꯠꯇꯥ ꯅꯦꯝꯕꯥ, ꯑꯦꯁꯤꯗꯤꛛ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯗꯒꯤ ꯅ꯭ꯌꯨꯇ꯭ꯔꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯆꯠ-ꯑꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯤꯡ

ꯃꯒꯨꯟ-ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯟ
ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯁꯥꯊꯤꯕ
ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ
ꯉꯥ 6
ꯏꯔꯣꯏꯕ
ꯃꯌꯥꯏ
ꯑꯐꯕ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯃꯔꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ
ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯗꯣꯔꯥꯁ
ꯖꯦꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯗꯥꯅꯤꯑꯣ
ꯔꯣꯖꯤ ꯕꯥꯔꯕ
ꯕ꯭ꯔꯤꯁꯜꯅꯣꯖ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯣ
ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯎ
ꯕꯦꯇꯥ
ꯒꯞꯄꯤ
ꯃꯁꥥ ꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯉꯥ

ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ

ꯃꯆꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ
ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ
ꯑꯃꯦꯝ-ꯑꯄꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ
ꯑꯅꯨꯄꯥꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄꯥ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯃꯁꥥ ꯃꯌꯥ ꯊꯡꯏ꯫
ꯅꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯅꯥ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄꯥ ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯌꯦꯔꯨꝝ ꯁꯟꯗꯣꯛꯄꯥ; ꯌꯦꯔꯨꯝ ꯊꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯣꯏꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯍꯜ ꯉꯥꯁꯤꯡ ꯂꯧꯊꯣꯛꯎ꯫
ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯏꯛ
ꯃꯁꥥ ꯃꯨꯠꯄꯥ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯛꯇ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯒꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ AquaLog ꯅ ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯀꯥꯔꯠ ꯇꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥ ꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯒ — ꯚꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯝ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯑꯁꯥ-ꯑꯑꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ pH — ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯥꯞ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ

ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ