ꯃꯈꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ
ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯣ (Panaqolus maccus)
ꯐꯣꯇꯣ: Jarne Colman · CC0 Wikimedia Commons ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ

ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯣ

Panaqolus maccus · Loricariidae

L104, ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯟ ꯄꯥꯅꯥꯀꯦ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ

ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ

10 cm ꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯎ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯣ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ — ꯑꯆꯨꯝꯕ ꯑꯣꯏꯅ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ-ꯆꯥꯕ ꯃꯤꯔꯦꯞ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ
90 L (24 US gal)
ꯑꯁꯥ-ꯑꯑꯦꯡ
23–29 °C (73–84 °F)
pH
6–7.8
ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ
9 cm (3.5 in)
ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ
1+

ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ

ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯚꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯝ
90 L (24 US gal)
ꯑꯁꯥ-ꯑꯑꯦꯡ
23–29 °C (73–84 °F)
pH
6–7.8
ꯍꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅꯦꯁ
2–18 dGH
ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ
ꯆꯍꯤ 10–12
ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯠ
ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯆꯥꯕ/ꯎ-ꯀꯣꯠꯆꯥꯕ — ꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯠꯋꯨꯗ, ꯀꯣꯔꯖꯦꯠ, ꯑꯜꯒꯦ ꯋꯦꯐꯔꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯊꯥꯛ
ꯑꯍꯥꯅꯕ

ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ

ꯂꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ
ꯔꯤꯑꯣ ꯑꯄꯨꯔꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯣꯅꯤ ꯕꯦꯁꯤꯟꯁ, ꯚꯦꯅꯦꯖꯨꯑꯦꯂꯥ
ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ
ꯑꯊꯨꯝꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ
ꯕꯥꯌꯣꯇꯣꯞ
ꯎꯅ ꯊꯜꯂꯕ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜ ꯃꯄꯥꯟꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ
ꯀꯣꯠꯆꯥꯅꯕ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯤꯐꯠꯋꯨꯗ ꯂꯩꯇꯕ ꯌꯥꯗꯦ; ꯂꯣꯠꯅꯕ ꯁꯨꯔꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡ꯫

ꯑꯆꯠ-ꯑꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯤꯡ

ꯃꯒꯨꯟ-ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯟ
ꯁꯥꯟꯇꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ
ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ
ꯉꯥ 1
ꯏꯔꯣꯏꯕ
ꯃꯈꯥ
ꯑꯐꯕ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯃꯔꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ
ꯇꯦꯇ꯭ꯔꯥꯁꯤꯡ
ꯀꯣꯔꯤꯗꯣꯔꯥꯁ
ꯑꯦꯟꯖꯦꯜꯐꯤꯁ
ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯎ
ꯎ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯕ ꯍꯥꯡꯕ ꯇꯦꯡꯛꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯇꯩ ꯁꯨꯔꯨꯡ-ꯄꯥꯏꯕ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯣꯁꯤꯡ

ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ

ꯃꯆꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ
ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ
ꯑꯃꯦꯝ-ꯑꯄꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ
ꯑꯄꯥꯑꯣꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯛꯇꯣꯔꯦꯜ ꯐꯤꯟꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯎꯕꯨꯡ-ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯗꯣꯟꯇꯣꯗꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯎꯏ꯫
ꯅꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯕ ꯁꯨꯔꯨꯡꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯉꯥꯔꯨꝝ ꯊꯥꯏ; ꯑꯄꯥꯑꯣꯕꯅ ꯉꯥꯛꯏ꯫
ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯎ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯅ ꯃꯆꯤꯟ-ꯖꯥꯛꯑꯣꯟ ꯋꯥꯕ
ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯇꯤꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯂꯕꯅ ꯄꯨꯛ ꯄꯣꯝꯕ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯛꯇ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯒꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ AquaLog ꯅ ꯀ꯭ꯂꯥꯎꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯣ ꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯒ — ꯚꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯝ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯑꯁꯥ-ꯑꯑꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ pH — ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯥꯞ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ

ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ