ꯃꯈꯜ ꯄꯨꯝꯅꯃꯛ
ꯀꯣꯃꯣꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯣ (Hypostomus plecostomus)
ꯐꯣꯇꯣ: Raphaël Covain, Natural History Museum of Geneva · CC BY-SA 4.0 Wikimedia Commons ꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗ

ꯀꯣꯃꯣꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯣ

Hypostomus plecostomus · Loricariidae

ꯁꯛꯀꯔꯃꯥꯎꯊ ꯀꯦꯠꯐꯤꯁ, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯍꯥꯏꯅꯁꯨ ꯈꯪꯅꯩ

ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ

5 cm ꯗ ꯌꯣꯟꯏ, 45 cm ꯐꯥꯑꯣꯕ ꯆꯥꯎꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯑꯃꯣꯠ-ꯑꯀꯥꯏ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯅꯤ — ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯑꯃ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ.

ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ
700 L (185 US gal)
ꯑꯁꯥ-ꯑꯑꯦꯡ
22–30 °C (72–86 °F)
pH
6.5–8
ꯑꯍꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ
45 cm (17.7 in)
ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨꯒꯤ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ
1+

ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ

ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯚꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯝ
700 L (185 US gal)
ꯑꯁꯥ-ꯑꯑꯦꯡ
22–30 °C (72–86 °F)
pH
6.5–8
ꯍꯥꯔ꯭ꯗꯅꯦꯁ
4–20 dGH
ꯍꯤꯡꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯝ
ꯆꯍꯤ 10–20
ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯠ
ꯎ-ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯍꯦꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯝꯅꯤꯕꯣꯔ — ꯋꯦꯐꯔ, ꯃꯅꯥ-ꯃꯁꯤꯡ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯨꯞꯂꯕ ꯎ.
ꯀꯦꯌꯔ ꯊꯥꯛ
ꯃꯌꯥꯏ ꯑꯣꯏꯕ

ꯍꯧꯔꯛꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯩꯐꯝ

ꯂꯃꯦꯟ ꯂꯃꯗꯝ
ꯑꯋꯥꯡ ꯊꯪꯕ ꯁꯥꯎꯊ ꯑꯃꯦꯔꯤꯀꯥ
ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ
ꯑꯊꯨꯝꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ
ꯕꯥꯌꯣꯇꯣꯞ
ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯂꯨꯞꯂꯕ ꯎ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯇꯨꯔꯦꯜꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯍꯧꯁꯥꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ
ꯁꯥꯕ, ꯆꯦꯟꯕ, ꯑꯣꯛꯁꯤꯖꯦꯟ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯌꯥꯎꯕ ꯏꯁꯤꯡ.

ꯑꯆꯠ-ꯑꯆꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯣꯀꯤꯡ

ꯃꯒꯨꯟ-ꯁꯥꯒꯣꯟ
ꯂꯃꯥꯏ ꯉꯥꯛꯄ
ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯄ ꯀꯥꯡꯕꯨ
ꯉꯥ 1
ꯏꯔꯣꯏꯕ
ꯃꯈꯥ
ꯑꯐꯕ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯃꯔꯨꯞꯁꯤꯡ
ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯕꯥꯔꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯁꯤꯀ꯭ꯂꯤꯗꯁꯤꯡ
ꯁꯤꯜꯚꯔ ꯗꯣꯜꯂꯥꯔ
ꯊꯣꯏꯗꯣꯛꯎ
ꯇꯞꯅ ꯆꯠꯄ ꯄꯥꯛꯄ-ꯍꯛꯆꯥꯡ ꯂꯩꯕ ꯉꯥ (ꯃꯁꯤꯅ ꯃꯈꯣꯏꯒꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯂꯥꯏꯝ ꯀꯣꯠ ꯆꯥꯕ ꯌꯥꯏ)
ꯅꯦꯅꯣ ꯉꯥ

ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯤꯔꯣꯜ ꯊꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ

ꯃꯆꯥ ꯄꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯋꯥꯕ
ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕ ꯊꯥꯛ
ꯑꯃꯦꯝ-ꯑꯄꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕ
ꯑꯔꯨꯕ; ꯃꯍꯩ-ꯃꯔꯣꯡ ꯀꯥꯔꯕ ꯑꯄꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡꯅ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯇꯤꯟꯕ ꯑꯣꯏ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯍꯦꯟꯅ ꯃꯣꯠꯄ ꯖꯦꯅꯤꯇꯦꯜ ꯄꯦꯄꯤꯂꯥ ꯂꯩ.
ꯅꯣꯠꯁꯤꯡ
ꯃꯅꯨꯡꯗ ꯈꯣꯠꯇꯨꯅ ꯃꯉꯣꯟ ꯊꯥꯕ; ꯑꯦꯀ꯭ꯋꯥꯔꯤꯌꯃꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯔꯥꯛꯅ ꯃꯆꯥ ꯃꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ ꯉꯃꯗꯦ.
ꯇꯣꯏꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯄ ꯑꯅꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ
ꯑꯄꯤꯛꯕ ꯇꯦꯡꯛꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯆꯥꯎꯕ ꯈꯥꯝꯕ
ꯑꯃꯣꯠ-ꯑꯀꯥꯏ ꯌꯥꯝꯅ ꯊꯣꯛꯄꯗꯒꯤ ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯐ-ꯐꯠꯇ ꯁꯣꯛꯍꯟꯕ
ꯃꯁꯤ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯛꯇ ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯒꯕ꯭ꯔꯥ?

ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ AquaLog ꯅ ꯀꯣꯃꯣꯟ ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯀꯣ ꯕꯨ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯅ ꯌꯦꯡꯁꯤꯟꯕ ꯇꯦꯡꯛ ꯈꯨꯗꯤꯡꯃꯛꯒ — ꯚꯣꯂ꯭ꯌꯨꯝ, ꯏꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯜ, ꯑꯁꯥ-ꯑꯑꯦꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ pH — ꯆꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯌꯦꯡꯒꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯗꯤ ꯇꯥꯞ ꯑꯃꯈꯛꯇꯗ ꯅꯍꯥꯛꯀꯤ ꯉꯥꯒꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯡꯗ ꯍꯥꯞꯆꯤꯟꯒꯅꯤ꯫

ꯑꯩꯒꯤ ꯇꯦꯡꯛꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯦꯡꯅꯕ ꯁꯥꯏꯟ ꯏꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯤꯌꯨ

ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕ ꯃꯈꯜꯁꯤꯡ