ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ
ᱠᱞᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱯᱞᱮᱠᱳ (Panaqolus maccus)
ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳ: Jarne Colman · CC0 ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ

ᱠᱞᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱯᱞᱮᱠᱳ

Panaqolus maccus · Loricariidae

L104, ᱠᱞᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱯᱟᱱᱟᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ

ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱤᱡ

ᱢᱤᱫ ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱠᱟᱴ ᱡᱚᱢᱚᱜ ᱯᱞᱮᱠᱳ ᱡᱟᱦᱟᱸ ᱑᱐ cm ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱮ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ — ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱹᱨᱤ ᱜᱮ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱱᱟᱯᱟᱭ ᱵᱟᱪᱷᱱᱟᱣ᱾

ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ
90 L (24 US gal)
ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ
23–29 °C (73–84 °F)
pH
6–7.8
ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ
9 cm (3.5 in)
ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ
1+

ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ

ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱭᱛᱚᱱ
90 L (24 US gal)
ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ
23–29 °C (73–84 °F)
pH
6–7.8
ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ
2–18 dGH
ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱥ
10–12 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ ᱡᱚᱢ/ᱠᱟᱴ ᱜᱟᱥᱟᱣ — ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱣᱩᱰ, ᱠᱩᱪᱤ ᱠᱟᱹᱠᱲᱤ, ᱟᱞᱜᱮ ᱣᱮᱯᱷᱚᱨ᱾
ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱠ
ᱮᱛᱚᱦᱚᱵᱤᱡ

ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ

ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ
ᱨᱤᱭᱳ ᱟᱯᱩᱨᱮ ᱟᱨ ᱠᱟᱨᱳᱱᱤ ᱵᱮᱥᱤᱱ, ᱵᱷᱮᱱᱮᱡᱩᱣᱮᱞᱟ
ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ
ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱫᱟ structure
ᱵᱟᱭᳳᱴᱳᱯ
ᱠᱟᱴ ᱛᱮ ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱱᱟᱹᱭ ᱟᱲᱮ
ᱠᱩᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ
ᱜᱟᱥᱟᱣ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱰᱨᱤᱯᱷᱴᱣᱩᱰ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ; ᱩᱠᱩᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱫᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ᱾

ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱤᱝ

ᱥᱣᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ
ᱥᱟᱱᱛ
ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ
1 ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ
ᱯᱟᱭᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ
ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ
ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱡᱳᱲᱤ
ᱴᱮᱴᱨᱟ
ᱠᱳᱨᱤᱰᱳᱨᱟᱥ
ᱮᱸᱡᱮᱞᱯᱷᱤᱥ
ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱢᱮ
ᱠᱟᱴ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱯᱷᱟᱠᱟ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ
ᱮᱴᱟᱜ ᱫᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱫᱚᱦᱚᱭᱤᱡ ᱯᱞᱮᱠᱳ

ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱴ

ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ
ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽ
ᱟᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱣᱟᱜ ᱪᱮᱛᱟᱱ ᱯᱷᱤᱱ ᱨᱮ ᱡᱟᱸᱜᱟ-ᱞᱮᱠᱟᱱ ᱚᱰᱳᱱᱴᱳᱰᱥ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱸᱱᱟ᱾
ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ
ᱥᱟᱸᱠᱲᱟ ᱫᱷᱚᱸᱫᱽ ᱨᱮ ᱵᱤᱞᱤᱭᱟᱭ; ᱟᱸᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱫᱚᱭ ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱᱟ᱾
ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ
ᱠᱟᱴ ᱵᱟᱹᱱᱩᱜ ᱛᱮ ᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ
ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱯᱨᱳᱴᱤᱱ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱞᱟ ᱯᱷᱩᱞᱟᱹᱣ
ᱪᱮᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ-ᱟ?

ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ AquaLog ᱠᱞᱟᱣᱩᱱ ᱯᱞᱮᱠᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱮᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᳳᱠᱟᱭᱟ — ᱟᱭᱛᱚᱱ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ pH — ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱮ

ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ