ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ
ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱞᱮᱠᱳ (Hypostomus plecostomus)
ᱯᱷᱳᱴᱳ: Raphaël Covain, Natural History Museum of Geneva · CC BY-SA 4.0 ᱣᱤᱠᱤᱢᱤᱰᱤᱭᱟ ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱᱥ ᱫᱟᱨᱟᱭ ᱛᱮ

ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱞᱮᱠᱳ

Hypostomus plecostomus · Loricariidae

ᱥᱟᱠᱚᱨᱢᱟᱣᱩᱛᱷ ᱠᱮᱴᱯᱷᱤᱥ, ᱯᱞᱮᱠ ᱢᱮᱱᱛᱮ ᱦᱚᱸ ᱵᱟᱰᱟᱭᱚᱜ-ᱟ

ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ

5 cm ᱨᱮ ᱟᱹᱠᱷᱨᱤᱧᱚᱜᱼᱟ, 45 cm ᱦᱟᱹᱵᱤᱡ ᱦᱟᱨᱟᱜᱼᱟ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱚᱰᱚᱠᱟᱭ — ᱟᱹᱰᱤ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤᱭᱟ᱾

ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ
700 L (185 US gal)
ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ
22–30 °C (72–86 °F)
pH
6.5–8
ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ
45 cm (17.7 in)
ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ ᱟᱠᱟᱨ
1+

ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱞᱟᱹᱠᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ

ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱟᱭᱛᱚᱱ
700 L (185 US gal)
ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ
22–30 °C (72–86 °F)
pH
6.5–8
ᱠᱮᱴᱮᱡ
4–20 dGH
ᱟᱹᱭᱩᱥ
10–20 ᱥᱮᱨᱢᱟ
ᱡᱚᱢᱟᱜ
ᱥᱟᱠᱟᱢ-ᱡᱚᱢ ᱥᱮᱫ ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱱᱟᱱ ᱥᱟᱱᱟᱢ-ᱡᱚᱢ — ᱣᱮᱯᱷᱚᱨ, ᱥᱚᱵᱽᱡᱤ, ᱨᱚᱦᱚᱲ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ᱾
ᱡᱚᱛᱚᱱ ᱛᱟᱠ
ᱛᱟᱞᱟᱱᱟ

ᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱟᱨ ᱛᱟᱦᱮᱱ ᱴᱷᱟᱶ

ᱟᱯᱱᱟᱨ ᱮᱞᱟᱠᱟ
ᱩᱛᱛᱚᱨ ᱫᱟᱹᱠᱷᱤᱱ ᱟᱢᱮᱨᱤᱠᱟ
ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ
ᱦᱮᱲᱮᱢ ᱫᱟ structure
ᱵᱟᱭᳳᱴᱳᱯ
ᱫᱟᱜ-ᱨᱮ ᱩᱱᱩᱢ ᱠᱟᱴᱷ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱜᱟᱰᱟ ᱠᱚ
ᱠᱩᱫᱽᱨᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱚᱵᱚᱥᱛᱟ
ᱞᱚᱞᱚ, ᱞᱤᱸᱜᱤᱱ, ᱚᱠᱥᱤᱡᱮᱱ-ᱯᱮᱨᱮᱡ ᱫᱟᱜ᱾

ᱵᱮᱵᱷᱟᱨ ᱟᱨ ᱥᱴᱚᱠᱤᱝ

ᱥᱣᱚᱵᱷᱟᱣ
ᱴᱚᱴᱷᱟᱣᱟᱱ
ᱠᱚᱢ ᱠᱷᱚᱱ ᱠᱚᱢ ᱜᱟᱫᱮᱞ
1 ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ
ᱯᱟᱭᱨᱟᱜ-ᱟ
ᱞᱟᱛᱟᱨ
ᱵᱷᱟᱹᱜᱤ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱡᱳᱲᱤ
ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱵᱟᱨᱵᱽᱥ
ᱞᱟᱹᱴᱩ ᱥᱤᱠᱞᱤᱰᱥ
ᱥᱤᱞᱵᱷᱚᱨ ᱰᱚᱞᱟᱨ
ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱭ ᱢᱮ
ᱟᱸᱥᱛᱮ ᱪᱮᱯᱴᱟ-ᱦᱚᱲᱢᱚ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ (ᱱᱩᱭ ᱩᱱᱠᱩᱣᱟᱜ ᱞᱟᱴᱷᱟ ᱪᱟᱢᱲᱟ ᱭᱮ ᱪᱟᱴᱚ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ)
ᱱᱮᱱᱳ ᱦᱟᱹᱠᱩ

ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱨ ᱟᱸᱴ

ᱵᱚᱝᱥᱚ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱛᱤ ᱟᱸᱴ
ᱞᱟᱦᱟᱸᱣᱟᱱ
ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱵᱷᱮᱫᱽ
ᱟᱸᱴ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ; ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱠᱟᱱ ᱟᱸᱰᱭᱟᱹ ᱫᱚ ᱢᱚᱴᱟ ᱡᱟᱱᱟᱝ ᱯᱟᱯᱤᱞᱟ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱯᱟᱛᱞᱟ ᱜᱮᱭᱟ ᱠᱚ᱾
ᱱᱳᱴ ᱠᱚ
ᱵᱷᱩᱜᱟᱹᱜ ᱵᱤᱞᱤ-ᱟᱹᱰᱩ; ᱮᱠᱣᱟᱨᱤᱭᱚᱢ ᱨᱮᱫᱚ ᱵᱟᱝ ᱦᱩᱭ ᱫᱟᱲᱮᱭᱟᱜᱼᱟ᱾
ᱥᱟᱫᱷᱟᱨᱚᱱ ᱟᱡᱟᱨ ᱠᱚ
ᱠᱟᱹᱴᱤᱡ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱦᱟᱨᱟ ᱟᱴᱠᱟᱣ
ᱡᱟᱹᱥᱛᱤ ᱜᱩᱨᱤᱡ ᱠᱷᱟᱹᱛᱤᱨ ᱵᱟᱹᱲᱤᱡ ᱫᱟᱜ ᱜᱩᱱ
ᱪᱮᱫ ᱱᱚᱣᱟ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱦᱟᱣ-ᱟ?

ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱮ ᱟᱨ AquaLog ᱠᱚᱢᱚᱱ ᱯᱞᱮᱠᱳ ᱫᱚ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱴᱨᱮᱠ ᱮᱫ ᱡᱚᱛᱚ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱥᱟᱶᱮ ᱛᱩᱞᱟᱹᱡᳳᱠᱟᱭᱟ — ᱟᱭᱛᱚᱱ, ᱫᱟᱜ ᱨᱮᱱᱟᱜ ᱨᱩᱯ, ᱞᱚᱞᱚᱥᱚᱝ ᱟᱨ pH — ᱟᱨ ᱢᱤᱫ ᱴᱤᱯᱤᱰ ᱨᱮ ᱟᱢᱟᱜ ᱡᱤᱣᱤᱭᱟᱱ ᱠᱚᱨᱮ ᱥᱮᱞᱮᱫᱟ᱾

ᱤᱧᱟᱜ ᱴᱮᱸᱠ ᱠᱚ ᱧᱮᱞ ᱞᱟᱹᱜᱤᱫ ᱥᱟᱭᱤᱱ ᱤᱱ ᱢᱮ

ᱥᱩᱨ ᱥᱩᱯᱩᱨ ᱡᱟᱹᱛᱤ ᱠᱚ